@article {MILLER:2005:1058-8337:105,
	author = "MILLER, MICHAEL",
	author = "WRIGHT, MICHAEL",
	author = "ALLEN, ALEXANDER",
	author = "DUDEK, BOGUSLAW",
	title = "Is Method 1664A Silica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM: Non-Polar Materials) a Measure of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons?",
	journal = "Soil and Sediment Contamination (formerly Journal of Soil Contamination)",
	volume = "14",
	year = "2005",
	abstract = "Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) is a non-specific parameter defined by EPA Method 418.1. The method is simple, inexpensive and straightforward. Freon 113 is used to extract petroleum from the matrix. The Montreal Protocol precludes the production and importation of Freon 113 into the United States. The search for a cost–effective replacement is underway. US EPA method 1664A Silica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-Polar Materials) has been considered as a replacement for Method 418.1 by some persons. No comparison data has been provided. The Tosco Corp. Bayway Refinery has a wastewater discharge permit for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (Oil & Grease) that specifies the use of Method 418.1. The intent of this study was to determine if Method 1664A could replace Method 418.1. Method 418.1 is a direct instrumental measurement of the dried extract. Method 1664A is a gravimetric measurement that requires heating the extract to remove the solvent. Also, a key question to be answered is what carbon range petroleum hydrocarbons does heating the extracts lose? Several evaporation procedures and temperatures were studied. The study showed that the recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons by method 1664A is temperature dependent and that under the study conditions the method 1664A Silica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-Polar Materials) can be a replacement for method 418.1.",
	pages = "105-113(9)",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/bssc/2005/00000014/00000001/art00001"
	doi = "doi:10.1080/15320380590911724"
}