@article {van der Hal-Van Raalte:September 2008:1360-7863:630,
	author = "van der Hal-Van Raalte, Elisheva A.M.",
	author = "Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian",
	author = "van IJzendoorn, Marinus",
	title = "Diurnal cortisol patterns and stress reactivity in child Holocaust survivors reaching old age",
	journal = "Aging and Mental Health",
	volume = "12",
	year = "September 2008",
	abstract = "Objectives: Late-life implications of early traumatic stress for the adreno-cortical system were examined in a sample of 133 child survivors of the Holocaust, who were subjected to Nazi persecution during infancy. Method: In a non-convenience sample of child survivors, born between 1935 and 1944, basal circadian cortisol release and cortisol reactivity to a stressor were assessed. Results: Age, parental loss during the Holocaust, current depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physical illness were not associated with differences in basal diurnal cortisol levels. Neuro-endocrine effects, however, were found in stress reactivity through elevated cortisol levels in male respondents in the youngest age group (born 1941-1945), and in male respondents suffering from PTSD-related functional impairment. Conclusion: The youngest survivors of Nazi persecution show late-life effects of traumatic stress during early childhood, evidenced by the early onset of differential neuroendocrine pathways to stress-regulating strategies.",
	pages = "630-638(9)",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/camh/2008/00000012/00000005/art00013"
	doi = "doi:10.1080/13607860802343134"
}