Effects of Lipoic Acid and Dihydrolipoic Acid on 4-Aminophenol-Mediated Erythrocytic Toxicity in vitro

Authors: Coleman, Michael D.; Williams, Charlotte1; Haenen, Guido R. M. M.2

Source: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Volume 99, Number 3, September 2006 , pp. 225-229(5)

Publisher: Blackwell Publishing

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Abstract:

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The effects of the antioxidant lipoic acid and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), were studied on the process of the erythrocytic toxicity of 4-aminophenol in human erythrocytes in vitro. 4-Aminophenol alone caused a stepwise increase in methaemoglobin formation, along with a commensurate decrease in total thiols. At 10 min., in the presence of lipoic acid alone and the thiol depletor 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) alone, 4-aminophenol-mediated methaemoglobin formation was significantly increased, whilst thiol levels were significantly reduced compared with the 4-aminophenol alone. At 10 min., with DHLA and CDNB alone, 4-aminophenol was associated with significantly increased methaemoglobin formation. However, thiol levels were not significantly different in the presence of DHLA compared with 4-aminophenol alone, although thiol levels were different compared with control (4-aminophenol alone) in the incubations with CDNB alone. At 15 min., only CDNB/4-aminophenol methaemoglobin formation differed from control, whilst thiol levels were significantly lower in the presence of CDNB alone compared with 4-aminophenol alone. Lipoic acid enhanced the toxicity of 4-aminophenol in terms of increased methaemoglobin formation coupled with increased thiol depletion, whilst DHLA showed increased 4-aminophenol-mediated methaemoglobin formation without thiol depletion. Lipoic acid, and to a lesser extent its reduced derivative DHLA, acted as a prooxidant in the presence of 4-aminophenol, enhancing the oxidative stress effects of the amine in human erythrocytes.

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_499.x

Affiliations: 1: School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. 2: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

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