Response to region of difference 1 (RD1) epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals enrolled with suspected active tuberculosis: a pilot study
Authors: Vincenti, D.1; Carrara, S.1; Butera, O.1; Bizzoni, F.1; Casetti, R.2; Girardi, E.3; Goletti, D.
Source: Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Volume 150, Number 1, October 2007 , pp. 91-98(8)
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
Abstract:
Summary Tuberculosis is the most frequent co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, and which still presents diagnostic difficulties. Recently we set up an assay based on interferon (IFN)-γ response to region of difference 1 (RD1) peptides selected by computational analysis which is associated with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication. The objective of this study was to investigate the response to RD1 selected peptides in HIV-1-infected individuals in a clinical setting. The mechanisms of this immune response and comparison with other immune assays were also investigated. A total of 111 HIV-infected individuals with symptoms and signs consistent with active tuberculosis were enrolled prospectively. Interferon (IFN)-γ responses to RD1 selected peptides and recall antigens were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results were correlated with CD4+ T cell counts, individuals' characteristics, tuberculin skin test, QuantiFERON-TB Gold and T-SPOT.TB. Results from 21 (19%) individuals were indeterminate due to in vitro cell anergy. Among `non-anergic' individuals, sensitivity for active tuberculosis of the assay based on RD1 selected peptides was 67% (24 of 36), specificity was 94% (three of 54). The assay also resulted positive in cases of extra-pulmonary and smear-negative pulmonary active tuberculosis. The response was mediated by CD4+ effector/memory T cells and correlated with CD4+ T cell counts, but not with plasma HIV-RNA load. Moreover, the RD1 selected peptides assay had the highest diagnostic odds ratio for active tuberculosis compared to tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB Gold and T-SPOT.TB. RD1 selected peptides assay is associated with M. tuberculosis replication in HIV-infected individuals, although T cell anergy remains an important obstacle to be overcome before the test can be proposed as a diagnostic tool.Keywords: effector/memory T cells; HIV-TB; IFN-γ; RD1 assays; recall antigen response
Document Type: Research article
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03462.x
Affiliations: 1: Translational Research Unit, 2: Cellular Immunology Unit, 3: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Research, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani- IRCCS Rome, Italy

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