IngentaConnect Overexpression of the autoantigen IA-2 puts beta cells into a pre...

Authors: Harashima, S.-I.¹; Harashima, C.²; Nishimura, T.¹; Hu, Y.¹; Notkins, A. L.

Source: Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Volume 150, Number 1, October 2007 , pp. 49-60(12)

Abstract:

Summary

IA-2 is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes and autoantibodies to it have become important diagnostic and predictive markers. IA-2 also is an intrinsic transmembrane component of dense core secretory vesicles and knock-out studies showed that IA-2 is a regulator of insulin secretion. Here we show that overexpression of IA-2 puts mouse insulinoma MIN-6 beta cells into a pre-apoptotic state and that exposure to high glucose results in G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Molecular study revealed a decrease in phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK)-1 and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation. Treatment of IA-2-transfected cells with IA-2 siRNA prevented both G2/M arrest and apoptosis and increased Akt/PKB phosphorylation. A search for IA-2 interacting proteins revealed that IA-2 interacts with sorting nexin (SNX)19 and that SNX19, but not IA-2, inhibits the conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and thereby suppresses the phosphorylation of proteins in the Akt signalling pathway resulting in apoptosis. We conclude that IA-2 acts through SNX19 to initiate the pre-apoptotic state. Our findings point to the possibility that in autoimmune diseases, tissue destruction may be autoantigen-induced, but not necessarily immunologically mediated.

Keywords: Akt; apoptosis; autoimmunity; IA-2; sorting nexin 19

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03455.x

Affiliations: 1: Experimental Medicine Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA, and 2: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, USUHS School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA

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Overexpression of the autoantigen IA-2 puts beta cells into a pre-apoptotic state: autoantigen-induced, but non-autoimmune-mediated, tissue destruction