@article {Eisen:September 2002:0965-2140:1137,
	author = "Eisen, Seth A.",
	author = "Chantarujikapong, Sunanta",
	author = "Xian, Hong",
	author = "Lyons, Michael J.",
	author = "Toomey, Rosemary",
	author = "True, William R.",
	author = "Scherrer, Jeffrey F.",
	author = "Goldberg, Jack",
	author = "Tsuang, Ming T.",
	title = "Does marijuana use have residual adverse effects on self-reported health measures, socio-demographics and quality of life? A monozygotic co-twin control study in men",
	journal = "Addiction",
	volume = "97",
	year = "September 2002",
	abstract = "Aims <P></P>To assess the effects of former heavy marijuana use on selected aspects of health. Design <P></P>A monozygotic co-twin control design was used to compare the health of former heavy marijuana using male monozygotic twins to that of their co-twins who never used marijuana significantly. Setting <P></P>In-person survey and questionnaires. Participants <P></P>Fifty-six marijuana use discordant monozygotic twin pair members of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry. Measurements <P></P>Current socio-demographic characteristics; current nicotine and alcohol use; life-time nicotine and alcohol abuse/dependence; past 5-year physical and mental health services utilization; and health-related quality of life. Findings <P></P>The mean number of days on which the marijuana user twin used marijuana in his life-time was 1085, while the non-marijuana user used marijuana a maximum of 5 days. Marijuana was last used a mean of 20 years previously. No significant differences were found between the former marijuana user twins and their siblings for current socio-demographic characteristics; current nicotine or alcohol use; life-time nicotine or alcohol abuse/dependence; past 5-year out-patient or emergency room visits, hospitalizations or medication use for medical problems; past 5-year mental health out-patient use or hospitalizations; or health-related quality of life. Conclusions <P></P>Previous heavy marijuana use a mean of 20 years earlier by a group of men who reported no other significant illicit drug use does not appear to be associated with adverse socio-demographic, physical or mental health adverse effects. The conclusions of the study are limited by possible participation and recall biases, relatively small sample size and the absence of a physical health examination.",
	pages = "1137-1144(8)",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/add/2002/00000097/00000009/art00011"
	doi = "doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00120.x"
}