@article {Kimbrough:June 2008:0002-8282:1009, author = "Kimbrough, Erik O.", author = "Smith, Vernon L.", author = "Wilson, Bart J.", title = "Historical Property Rights, Sociality, and the Emergence of Impersonal Exchange in Long-Distance Trade", journal = "The American Economic Review", volume = "98", year = "June 2008", abstract = "This laboratory experiment explores the extent to which impersonal exchange emerges from personal exchange with opportunities for long-distance trade. We design a three-commodity production and exchange economy in which agents in three geographically separated villages must develop multilateral exchange networks to import a good only available abroad. For treatments, we induce two distinct institutional histories to investigate how past experience with property rights affects the evolution of specialization and exchange. We find that a history of unenforced property rights hinders our subjects' ability to develop the requisite personal social arrangements to support specialization and effectively exploit impersonal long-distance trade.", pages = "1009-1039(31)", url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aea/aer/2008/00000098/00000003/art00019" doi = "doi:10.1257/aer.98.3.1009" }